Cover	1
	Preface	4
	Table of Contents	14
	Eli M. Salzberger: The Rule of Law Under Extreme Conditions and International Law: Introductory Notes	18
	A. The Rule of Law in International Law, or the Rule of Law in the International Arena	19
	I. The rule of law in the context of the state	19
	II. The rule of law in the international arena	22
	B. The Rule of Law and Extreme Conditions: National Law and International Law	25
	I. The rule of law under extreme conditions and the theory of the state	25
	II. The normative (economic) theory of the state - foundations	26
	III. The normative (economic) theory of the state – implementation I: representative democracy	28
	IV. The normative (economic) theory of the state – implementation II – the structure of government	31
	V. The rule of law under extreme conditions in the international arena or in international law	38
	C. Extreme Conditions as Affecting the Rule of Law	40
	I. Characterizing extreme conditions: national law and international law	40
	II. A possible concept of the rule of law and extreme conditions	44
	III. A Law and Economics approach to the rule of law under extreme conditions: A methodological note	46
	IV. Models of the rule of law under extreme conditions in the literature	49
	Ex-ante models	49
	During models	53
	Ex-post models	56
	D. Conclusion	59
	References	61
	Hans-Joachim Heintze: Sovereignty and the “Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters”	66
	A. Framework of the Codification by the International Law Commission (ILC)	68
	B. Challenge of the ‘sovereignty’ concept and politicization	70
	C. Right to humanitarian assistance	74
	D. ILC Draft Articles	77
	I. The R2P issue	78
	II. Definition	79
	III. Cooperation	79
	IV. Principles of protection	80
	1. Responsibility of the affected State	81
	2. Duty to seek assistance	82
	3. External assistance	83
	E. Conclusion	83
	Wolfgang Weigel: Comment on Hans-Joachim Heintze	86
	A. Overview	86
	B. A Critical Appraisal	87
	Bibliography	91
	Bulbul Khaitan: Discussion on Hans-Joachim Heintze	92
	Peter Lewisch: International Catastrophes – an Obligation to Cooperate?	94
	A. Introduction	94
	B. Analytical part	96
	I. Consent, lack of consent and “assumed consent”	96
	II. External effects	99
	III. Principal-Agent-Relationship	100
	IV. Obligation to actively provide assistance?	101
	C. Duty to cooperate under international law?	102
	I. Introduction	102
	II. Overview of legal instruments	103
	III. Current developments: Issues under International Law	103
	1. Definition of “Disaster”	103
	2. The tension between sovereignty rights and the obligation to cooperate with regard to outside assistance	104
	a) Duty to accept assistance in case of disaster?	104
	b) Duty to provide requested assistance?	106
	IV. The work by the International Law Commission: Draft Articles on the “Protection of persons in the event of disasters”	107
	1. Goals, scope, and general framework	107
	2. Basic principles (international cooperation, rights-based approach)	110
	3. Sovereignty rights and tasks versus responsibility to protect	112
	a) Overview	112
	b) The affected state’s protective task and duties vis-à-vis recourse to external assistance	112
	c) External assistance and the affected state’s (required) consent	116
	4. Ancillary provisions	118
	5. Current status and outlook	120
	Bibliography	120
	Matthias Lemke: Comment on Peter Lewisch	122
	A. What we know	123
	B. Issues still to be addressed	125
	C. Concluding remark	128
	Bibliography	128
	Katharina Pfaff: Discussion on Peter Lewisch	130
	Hans-Heinrich Trute: How to Deal with Pandemics	132
	A. Pandemics: A global governance problem	132
	I. International health law: A long tradition	132
	II. What is a pandemic?	134
	III. The importance of knowledge, institutions and international cooperation	135
	1. The importance of knowledge	135
	2. The institutionalization of a surveillance scheme	137
	3. Uncertainty as part of the scheme	138
	4. Inequalities: The gap between developing and developed countries and between rich and poor	139
	B. The legal design of the administrative network: the international dimension	140
	1. The constitution of the WHO	142
	2. The International Health Regulations (2005): The basic legal frame	142
	3. The establishment of a public health network	144
	4. National IHR Focal Points	144
	5. Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)	145
	6. Notification, assessment and information	146
	7. Using other sources of knowledge	147
	8. Temporary recommendations	148
	I. Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework (PIP): A new approach	148
	1. GISRS	150
	2. The benefit sharing system	151
	3. Inclusion of third parties	153
	4. Governance aspects	154
	II. Non-pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical measures	154
	C. The European dimension: surveillance, assistance and advice	159
	I. Networks of surveillance, alert and response	160
	II. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)	161
	III. Adaption of the frame	162
	D. The national system: Germany as an example	163
	I. The legislative and administrative design in Germany	163
	1. The Robert Koch Institute (RKI)	164
	2. The responsibility of the federal states	164
	3. Coordination by emergency plans	165
	II. The architecture according to the IfSG	166
	1. Emphasis on cooperation	166
	2. Surveillance and notification	167
	3. Possible measures to be taken	167
	a) Measures of prevention	167
	b) The importance of vaccination	169
	c) Protective measures	170
	E. Conclusions	171
	Bibliography	172
	Andreas Nicklisch: Comment on Hans-Heinrich Trute	178
	A. Social Dilemma	178
	B. Stimulating Cooperation	179
	C. Sanctions	179
	D. Conclusions	180
	Bibliography	180
	Felix Hadwiger / Ines Reith: Discussion on Hans-Heinrich Trute	182
	Thilo Marauhn: An Analysis of International Law Applicable to the Use of Drones	184
	A. Introduction: Debates and Terminology	185
	I. Public Debates and Their Challenges	185
	II. Drones – their Terminological Setting in Public International Law	187
	B. Situations	189
	I. Situations of Public Emergency – Derogating From Human Rights	189
	II. Non-International Armed Conflicts	191
	III. International Armed Conflicts	193
	C. Rules	194
	I. Drones in International Armed Conflict Situations	194
	II. The Use of Drones in Non-International Armed Conflict	197
	III. The Use of Drones Outside Armed Conflicts	199
	D. Compliance	200
	E. Conclusion	201
	Amnon Reichman: Comment on Thilo Marauhn	202
	Agnes Strauß: Discussion on Thilo Marauhn	208
	Heike Krieger: Conceptualizing Cyberwar: Changing the Law by Imagining Extreme Conditions?	212
	A. Introduction	212
	B. The Paradigm Change in Security Policy and the Need to “Hype Cyberwar”	214
	C. Impact on the Legal Discourse on the Use of Force	216
	I. Increasing Interpretative Insecurities	217
	II. Legitimizing the Use of Force	219
	1. The Problem of Countermeasures	219
	2. The Problem of Attribution	221
	D. Impact on the Human Rights Discourse	223
	E. The Way Ahead	226
	Bibliography	227
	Jerg Gutmann: Comment on Heike Krieger	230
	A. Introduction	230
	B. Is Cyberwar Different?	231
	C. The Economic Point of View	232
	D. Conclusion	233
	Bibliography	233
	Mariia Parubets / Junjie Zheng: Discussion on Heike Krieger	236
	Tim Krieger / Daniel Meierrieks: How to Deal with International Terrorism	240
	A. The Terrorist Challenge to the Rule of Law and to International Law	240
	B. Defining and Modeling International Terrorism: The Rational-Choice Approach	242
	C. Implications of the Rational-Choice Model for Counter-Terrorism Policies	249
	D. International Policy Coordination	253
	E. Learning from 9/11: An Evaluation of Cost-Raising Counter-Terrorism Policies	255
	F. Improving the Environment in Terrorism-Exporting Countries	261
	G. Conclusions	262
	Bibliography	263
	Stefan Oeter: Comment on Tim Krieger and Daniel Meierrieks	266
	A. General Frame	266
	B. Definition of Terrorism and the Challenge of Modeling the ‘Rationality’ of Terrorist Actors	268
	C. Modes of Reaction	271
	D. Criminal Justice and International Cooperation in Police and Justice Matters as the Primary Level of Response	273
	E. The Temptation of Revenge: Military Reactions to Transnational Terrorism and the Risks of the ‘War on Terror’	275
	F. Conclusions	278
	Bibliography	280
	Marek Endrich: Discussion on Tim Krieger and Daniel Meierrieks	282
	Martina Caroni: Legitimate, but Illegal? From Humanitarian Intervention to Responsibility to Protect and Beyond	284
	A. Introduction	284
	B. The Era of Classical International Law	285
	C. Transition to Modern International Law	285
	D. Humanitarian Intervention	285
	E. Development of Responsibility to Protect	287
	F. Further Development and Current Status of Responsibility to Protect	291
	G. All’s Well that Ends Well?	295
	I. SC Resolution 1973 did not break new ground	295
	II. Third Pillar of R2P not acknowledged in SC Resolution 1973	295
	III. Abuse of Power by the Allied Forces in Libya?	296
	IV. Veto power vs. R2P’s Third Pillar: The Case of Syria	296
	H. Conclusion: How to Make the Third Pillar Operational?	296
	Bibliography	297
	Gad Barzilai: Comment on Martina Caroni	300
	Bulbul Khaitan: Discussion on Martina Caroni	306
	Roland Vaubel: The Breakdown of the Rule of Law in the Euro-Crisis: Implications for the Reform of the Court of Justice of the European Union	308
	A. Introduction	308
	B. The breakdown of the rule of law in the wake of the European sovereign debt crisis	308
	I. The bailout	308
	II. Conditionality	310
	III. Macroeconomic policy co-ordination	311
	IV. The purchase of government bonds by the European Central Bank	312
	V. The supervision of Euro area banks by the ECB	315
	VI. Transparency at the ECB	316
	VII. Explaining the breakdown of the rule of law	316
	C. Reforming the Court of Justice of the European Union	317
	I. The status quo	317
	II. Explaining the Court’s centralizing bias	318
	III. Reforming the CJEU	320
	Bibliography	322
	Martin Nettesheim: Comment on Roland Vaubel	326
	I.	327
	II.	328
	III.	329
	Michael Fehling: Comment on Roland Vaubel	332
	A. Introduction	332
	B. Rule of law and law interpretation on European level	332
	I. The rule of law as a cornerstone of the European legal architecture	333
	II. A more complex view on law interpretation	333
	III. Changing law interpretation in the light of a severe (economic) crisis?	335
	C. Reform of the European Court of Justice	336
	I. The problem of centralization bias in historic perspective	336
	II. Convincing and less convincing reform proposals	337
	D. Concluding remarks	339
	Bibliography	340
	Kevin Dünisch: Discussion on Roland Vaubel	342
	August Reinisch: Rules for an Orderly Insolvency of States?	344
	A. Introduction	344
	B. Ignoring the Problem	345
	C. Triggering Enforcement Action	345
	D. Seeking Negotiated Solutions	350
	E. New Rules for an Orderly Insolvency of Sovereign States	353
	I. The Preferred Treaty Solution	356
	1. Protection of the fulfilment of core governmental tasks of the sovereigndebtor	356
	2. Reduction of the total outstanding debt burden	357
	3. Equal treatment of creditors	357
	II. The Binding Effect of the Treaty Solution	358
	F. Conclusions	362
	Hans-Bernd Schäfer: Comment on August Reinisch	364
	A. Can collective action clauses substitute for a sovereign insolvency procedure under public international law?	365
	B. The emergence of a bankruptcy procedure in the Euro-zone	366
	Felix Hadwiger / Ines Reith: Discussion on August Reinisch	368
	Short Biographies	372
	Index	378