Preface	7
	Contents	10
	1 Introduction	13
	1.1 The Problem Stated and the Roadmap to the Monograph	13
	1.2 Terminology Caveats	14
	References	17
	2 Provisional Measures in France and the United Kingdom	19
	2.1 Background	19
	2.2 Definitions: The French Saisie Conservatoire	20
	2.2.1 Saisie Conservatoire in Comparison to the Référé	21
	2.3 Definitions: The English Mareva Injunction or Freezing Order	22
	2.4 The Basic Problem: Locating a Debtor’s Assets and Preventing Their Removal	24
	2.5 The Mareva Injunction or Freezing Order	25
	2.5.1 Historical Origins of the Freezing Order or Mareva Injunction	25
	2.5.2 The Key Characteristics of the Mareva Injunction	27
	2.5.3 Expansion of the Scope of Mareva Injunctions and Freezing Orders	28
	2.6 The Saisie Conservatoire	30
	2.6.1 A Brief Legislative History of the Saisie Conservatoire	30
	2.6.2 The Key Characteristics of the Saisie Conservatoire	31
	2.7 The Procedure for Obtaining a Saisie Conservatoire and Mareva Injunction Freezing Order	33
	2.7.1 The Procedure for Obtaining the Saisie Conservatoire	33
	2.7.2 The Procedure for Obtaining a Mareva Injunction or Freezing Order	35
	2.8 On the Role of Contempt of Court Rules	37
	2.9 A Comparison of the Saisie Conservatoire and the Freezing Order Mareva Injunction as Remedies for a Creditor Seeking to Enforce a Claim	40
	2.9.1 Speed, Simplicity and Cost	40
	2.9.2 The Consequences of Obtaining a Saisie Conservatoire and Freezing Order and the Effect of the Order	40
	2.9.3 Counter Security or Undertakings in Damages	41
	2.9.4 Ancillary Orders Which Can Be Granted by the Courts to Assist Enforcement of Provisional Measures	41
	2.10 Jurisdiction, Recognition and Enforceability of Freezing Orders in EU Member States—Potential Conflicts and Uncertainties	42
	2.10.1 General Considerations	42
	2.10.2 Jurisdiction-Related Issues	43
	2.10.3 Recognition and Enforcement of Mareva Injunction Freezing Order by Member States of the European Union	45
	2.10.4 Worldwide Freezing Orders Before French Courts and the European Court of Justice	45
	2.11 Conclusions	48
	References	51
	3 Provisional Measures in the  United States	54
	3.1 A Brief History of US Law on Provisional Measures	55
	3.2 Synopsys of US Law on Provisional Measures	58
	3.2.1 The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure	58
	3.2.2 State Law Variations	62
	3.2.3 Constitutional Due Process Limitations Common to Prejudgment Remedies	63
	3.2.4 The Uniform Asset-Protection Orders Act 2012	64
	3.3 Mareva Injunctions and the US System of Provisional Measures: Differences and Commonalities	66
	3.3.1 The American Provisional Measures v. the English Mareva Injunction: The Main Inherent Limitations of the American System	66
	3.3.2 The American Provisional Measures v. the English Mareva Injunction: Policy and Practical Differences	68
	3.3.3 The Tokens of Efficiency of the American System	70
	3.4 Positioning US Law	72
	References	73
	4 Post-socialist Jurisdictions: Provisional Measures in Hungary	76
	4.1 The Limits of Research: On the Hungarian Legal System and Scholarship	77
	4.2 An Overview of the History of Provisional Measures in Hungary in Modern Times (1867—Present Time)	79
	4.3 Present Time Statutory Law	81
	4.3.1 A Terminology Caveat	81
	4.3.2 The Main Features of the Law on Provisional Measures	82
	4.4 What Contemporary Hungarian Court Cases Can Tell Us About Ex Parte and Other Provisional Measures	83
	4.4.1 Case Law as a Source for Analysis: Limitations and Key Features	83
	4.4.2 Why a Mareva Injunction-Type Ex Parte Provisional Measure Is Needed in Hungary?	84
	4.4.3 What Are Non-Ex Parte Provisional Measures Used for in Hungary?	86
	4.5 Contempt of Court Rules in Hungary	89
	4.6 Positioning Hungarian Law on the European and Global Landscape	90
	References	91
	5 The European Account Preservation Order: Nuclear Weapon or Paper Tiger?	94
	References	97
	6 Conclusions and Possible Ways Forward	98